Chronological list of empire/kingdom level rulers of Mumbai (Bombay) and nearby areas from 3rd century BCE (over 2000 years ago)
Last updated on 2nd Jan. 2023
To skip introduction and background info. and go to the list directly, please visit below section titled, List of empire/kingdom level rulers of Mumbai (Bombay) and nearby areas from 3rd century BCE (over 2000 years ago).
This post follows up on my recent post: History of Mumbai wiki page has detailed information on Mumbai history going back to Mauryan rule from 3rd century BCE, https://ravisiyermisc.blogspot.com/2022/10/history-of-mumbai-wiki-page-has.html , 1st Oct. 2022
In the above post I had mentioned that "I have dropped the plan of writing my own post on list of kingdom/empire level rulers of Mumbai from 250 BCE". Later I felt that such a post as this would be useful for my own reference later on, as this post has a summary list of kingdoms/empires that ruled Mumbai and nearby areas, links to wikipedia or other pages that give more info. on the kingdom/empire or its period of rule over Mumbai, and so can be a quick info. page as compared to History of Mumbai wiki page. So I changed my decision and worked on this post and have now put it up.
Note that old name of Mumbai is Bombay.
What do I mean by Mumbai and nearby areas?; Other background info.
An interesting aspect of history of Mumbai over centuries is that prior to 1780, Salsette island (north of and including Bandra, Kurla and Ghatkopar) was separated from the southen part of Mumbai which was a set of 7 islands, https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Seven_Islands_of_Bombay . The History of Mumbai wiki page and the above wiki page together tell us that from 1780s to 1840s, under British rule these seven islands were joined, some areas were reclaimed from creek(s) and flooding at high tide was prevented in some low-lying areas, making these seven islands and areas between them into one land mass. This Mumbai land mass was also connected to Salsette island (e.g. Mahim causeway connecting Mahim to Bandra, https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mahim_Causeway ).
Pic courtesy: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Mumbaicitydistricts.png
Above two pics are Google Map satellite pics of Mumbai city and Mumbai suburban district. These screenshot pics were taken on 11th Oct. 2022.
Above pic is a more detailed Google Map satellite pic of Mumbai city district. This screenshot pic was taken on 11th Oct. 2022.
Pic courtesy: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:IslandsofBombay1893.jpg
*) Given below are two maps which show how the seven islands of Mumbai were, prior to them getting connected into a single landmass
Above pic courtesy: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Islands_of_Bombay_and_Colaba.jpg . One confusion related to this map is that the legend in the map mentions, "COPY of a MAP OF THE ISLAND of BOMBAY and COLABA prepared in 1843 for Mr Murphy". But the wiki page in which this map appears, https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Seven_Islands_of_Bombay , states, "By 1845, the islands had been merged[1] into one landmass by means of multiple land reclamation projects." [Ref. 1: "Bombay: History of a City". The British Library. Retrieved 20 October 2014.] So the above map seems to show how the seven islands of Bombay were, well before 1843.
Salsette island part of what is known as Greater Mumbai now, and some areas near it (like ancient Sopara port near Nala Sopara, and Kalyan) seem to have been more prominent in history of Mumbai and nearby areas till 1700s. I mean, ancient Sopara port and Kalyan town were well known in Roman times two thousand years ago as they were on one of the main Indo-Roman trade routes then. In contrast, the seven islands of Mumbai don't seem to have been that well known two thousand years ago. The impression I got from reading wikipedia pages related to history of Mumbai going back two millennia is that Sopara port history is treated as Mumbai history. But I don't think Kalyan history is treated as Mumbai history. In this post which is based on wikipedia pages, I have followed the same approach but with a clarification that the history is of Mumbai and nearby areas (like Sopara)
Note that Mumbai Metropolitan Region, https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mumbai_Metropolitan_Region , is a bigger area than Mumbai area mentioned above, and includes Sopara (Nala Sopara) and Kalyan. In this post, when I say Mumbai and nearby areas, Mumbai is the area covered by Mumbai city district and Mumbai suburban district, and nearby areas includes Sopara.
Note that the wikipedia page on Sopara, https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nala_Sopara has limited information about its history over past two thousand years. The page concentrates on the excavations at Sopara and the Buddhist stupa and Ashoka rock edicts found there.
Also note that Mumbai and nearby areas seem to fall within Northern Konkan, https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Konkan .
To read a short summary of ancient history of Mumbai and nearby areas prior to Mauryan rule (250 BCE), please visit https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/History_of_Mumbai#Pre-historic_period .
It is from the Mauryan times that there seems to be authoritative data for Mumbai and nearby areas history. So in the chronological list of empire/kingdom level rulers of Mumbai and nearby areas, I have started with Mauryan empire times.
Sources for the list
The two main sources for the list below are:
a) Wikipedia, especially History of Mumbai wiki page, https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/History_of_Mumbai but also other wiki pages like that of various dynasties/kingdoms/empires.
b) Greater Mumbai District Gazetteer 1986, History of Greater Bombay district, https://web.archive.org/web/20080914164232/http://www.maharashtra.gov.in/english/gazetteer/greater_bombay/history.html . Note that this gazetteer document is referenced by History of Mumbai wiki page (which is how I came to know about it). It is a very detailed history of Mumbai with the pdf download of the document running into over 300 pages. I have referred to this document in this post as "gazetteer document".
1) 250 BCE to 185 BCE, Mauryan empire
Mauryan empire wiki page, https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Maurya_Empire , has a main map: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Maurya_Empire,_c.250_BCE.png which shows Mumbai and nearby areas (with Sopara near Mumbai marked on the map) as within Mauryan empire in 250 BCE.
2) 185 BCE to 250 CE, Satavahana dynasty for some time and Western Satraps for some time.
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Satavahana_dynasty has a map titled, "South Asia circa 150 BCE.[48]" with Ref.48 being "Schwartzberg, Joseph E. (1978). A Historical atlas of South Asia. Chicago: University of Chicago Press. pp. 20, 145. ISBN 0226742210." This map shows Mumbai and nearby areas under Satavahanas. The wiki page mentions Western Satraps having wars with Satavahanas and winning few times (at least two times) with north Konkan coastal plains territory of Satavahanas falling into control of Western Satraps. Satavahanas were able to win back these territories later.
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/History_of_Mumbai#Age_of_Dynastical_Empires states that Satavahana rule started in 185 BCE and ended in 250 CE. It does not mention Western Satraps rule.
The Satavahana wiki page has another map (main map of wiki page) titled, "Approximate extent of the Satavahana Empire, in the early 1st century CE.[1]" with Ref.1 being "Schwartzberg, Joseph E. (1978). A Historical atlas of South Asia. Chicago: University of Chicago Press. p. 145, map XIV.1 (e). ISBN 0226742210." The map shows Mumbai and nearby areas under Satavahana rule in 0-50 CE.
Ravi: The Satavahanas and Western Satraps ruled over Mumbai and nearby areas alternately from around 185 BCE to 250 CE.
3) 250 CE to 315 or 370?CE, Abhira dynasty
Mumbai and nearby areas are shown under Abhira dynasty in the main map in https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Abhira_dynasty page, (map) titled, "203 A.D.[1]–315 or 370[1]", "The Abhiras during the reign of Ishwarsena." [Ref. 1: Thosar, H.S. (1990). "The Abhiras in Indian History". Proceedings of the Indian History Congress. Indian History Congress. 51: 56–65. JSTOR 44148188. Retrieved 27 December 2020.]
Mumbai and nearby areas are shown in Vakataka dynasty territory in the main map of this page: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vakataka_dynasty , titled "Approximate extent of the Vakataka territories circa 350 CE.[1]" [Ref. 1: Schwartzberg, Joseph E. (1978). A Historical atlas of South Asia. Chicago: University of Chicago Press. p. 145, map XIV.1 (i). ISBN 0226742210.]
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/History_of_Mumbai#Age_of_Dynastical_Empires states that Abhiras ruled from 250 CE to 417 CE. But it also mentions that Abhiras and Vakatakas ruled Mumbai islands without mentioning period of Vakataka rule.
[2nd Jan. 2023 Update: Initially I used this 417 CE date as end date for Abhira dynasty rule. But I later noted that the above Abhira dynasty wiki page states, "Overthrow of the Abhiras by the Traikutakas. Reconquest of lost territories by the Saka kshtarapas and the rise of the Vakataka dynasty. Defeat of petty Abhira chieftains by Kadamba ruler Mayurasarman." with associated date as "315 or 370" and the Reference provided as: "Thosar, H.S. (1990). "The Abhiras in Indian History". Proceedings of the Indian History Congress. Indian History Congress. 51: 56–65. JSTOR 44148188. Retrieved 27 December 2020." So I changed the end date of Abhira rule as "315 or 370?" and moved the Vakataka dynasty rule to next point below.]
4) 315 or 370 CE? to 5xx CE, Traikutaka dynasty for some time and Vakataka dynasty for some time
[2nd Jan. 2023 Update: Continuing above update, Traikutakas were overthrown by the Abhiras as per above wiki page extract. Also Vakataka dynasty rose in power. The main maps of both Traikutaka dynasty with date as 450 CE and Vakataka dynasty with date as 480 CE show Mumbai area within their territory. But I could not find any clear reference of Vakataka dynasty defeating Traikutaka dynasty - there is no mention of Traikutaka in Vakataka wiki page. Another source of confusion is that some wiki page(s) view Traikutakas as part of Abhira dynasty. The History of Mumbai wiki page does not mention Traikutaka dynasty at all! Does it view Traikutaka dynasty as part of Abhira dynasty and so mention end of Abhira dynasty rule over Mumbai as 417 CE? Further did Traikutakas lose Mumbai territory to Vakatakas in 417 CE?
Traikutaka dynasty wiki page, https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Traikutaka_dynasty states, "During the reign of Maharaja Madhyamasena, the kingdom was invaded by the Vakataka king Harishena.[5][13]". But it does not provide a date for Madhyamasena or Harishena.
But we have a wiki page for Harishena, https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Harishena , which states, "Harishena (r. c. 480 – 510 CE[1]) was the last known ruler of the Vatsagulma branch of the Vakataka dynasty." .. "The end of Harishena's reign and the ultimate fate of the Vatsagulma branch is shrouded in mystery, as it seems the Vakataka dynasty came to an end not long after the death of Harishena."
So I am concluding that in this period of 315 or 370 CE? to 5xx CE, Mumbai area was first ruled by Traikutakas (who some say are part of Abhira dynasty) who were then replaced as rulers by Vakatakas. end 2nd Jan. 2023 update.]
Mumbai and nearby areas are shown in Traikutaka dynasty territory in the main map of its wiki page , titled, "Map of the territory of the Traikutakas (in yellow), along with their contemporaries, especially the Kadambas, the Vakatakas and the Gupta Empire.", with the map having caption AD 450 inside it.
5) Mid-6th century (5xx) to 610 CE, Kalachuris (aka Early Kalachuris) with Konkan Mauryas as vassals of Kalachuris?
Mumbai and nearby areas are shown within Early Kalachuri territory "circa 600 CE" in the main map of Kalachuri dynasty wiki page: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kalachuri_dynasty . The wiki page states that "the Kalachuris conquered northern Konkan (around Elephanta) by the mid-6th century" and that they succeeded the Traikutakas in this (northern Konkan) area.
History of Mumbai wiki page states that Mumbai islands were "acquired by the Mauryas of Konkan in the sixth and early part of the seventh century" and also states that the (Konkan) Mauryas were feudatories of Kalachuris. Note that there does not seem to be a wiki page for Konkan Mauryas.
Mumbai and nearby areas are shown within Chalukya territory in the main map of Chalukya dynasty wiki page: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chalukya_dynasty . The map is titled, "Extent of Badami Chalukya Empire, 636 CE, 740 CE.[1]" with Ref.1 being "Schwartzberg, Joseph E. (1978). A Historical atlas of South Asia. Chicago: University of Chicago Press. p. 146, map XIV.2 (c). ISBN 0226742210."
History of Mumbai wiki page states that Chalukyas of Badami invaded the islands in 610 and ended (Konkan) Mauryan rule. Further it states that Dantidurga of Rashtrakuta acquired the islands in 749-750.
7) 750 CE to 972 CE, Rashtrakuta dynasty with period of 810 CE onwards through vassal Silhara (Shilahara) dynasty
Mumbai and nearby areas are shown within Rashtrakuta territory in the main map of Rashtrakuta dynasty wiki page: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rashtrakuta_dynasty . The map is titled "Core extent of Rashtrakuta Empire, 800 CE, 915 CE.[1]" with Ref.1 being "Schwartzberg, Joseph E. (1978). A Historical atlas of South Asia. Chicago: University of Chicago Press. p. 146, map XIV.2 (h). ISBN 0226742210."
An extract from wiki page of Shilahara dynasty given in next entry below states that Rashtrakuta king Govinda II conferred North Konkan kingdom on Kapardin I, founder of Northern Shilahara dynasty Kapardin I around 800. This would have been as vassal of Rashtrakutas.
It seems that Silhara dynasty became independent rulers (not feudatories of Rashtrakuta dynasty) after fall of Rashtrakuta dynasty which was around 972 CE.
8) 810 CE to 1265 CE: Split into two periods of:
a) 810 CE to 972 CE, Silhara (Shilahara) dynasty (as feudatory to Rashtrakuta dynasty)
b) 972 CE to 1265 CE Silhara dynasty as independent rulers with perhaps some periods as feudatories to others
For most of 972 CE to 1265 CE period Silhara dynasty, https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shilahara , seem to have ruled as independent rulers but perhaps as feudatories to Western Chalukya, Kadambas of Goa and Chaulukyas (Solanki) for various periods within this larger period.
History of Mumbai wiki page states, "The Silhara dynasty of Konkan ruled the region between 810 and 1260."
Given below are extracts from Shilara dynasty wiki page (link given above):
The Shilahara Kingdom (IAST: Śilāhāra; also Sinhara, Shailahara, Shrilara, and Silara) was a royal dynasty that established itself in northern and southern Konkan in 8th century CE, present-day Mumbai and Southern Maharashtra (Kolhapur) during the Rashtrakuta period.[7]
Shilahara Kingdom were split into three branches:
First branch ruled North Konkan
Second branch ruled South Konkan (between 765 and 1029 CE)
Third branch ruled in modern districts of Kolhapur, Satara and Belagavi (between 940 and 1215 CE) after which they were overwhelmed by the Yadavas.[8]
...
The dynasty originally began as vassals of the Rashtrakuta dynasty which ruled the Deccan plateau between the 8th and 10th centuries. Govinda II, a Rashtrakuta king, conferred the kingdom of North Konkan (the modern districts of Thane, Mumbai and Raigad) on Kapardin (Sanskrit: Wearing the kaparda, a peculiar braid or knot of hair - also a term for god Shiva/ Rishabhanatha) I, founder of the Northern Silhara family, around 800.
...
[Section heading:] North Konkan (Thane) branch (c. 800–1265 CE) [, https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shilahara#North_Konkan_(Thane)_branch_(c._800%E2%80%931265_CE) ]
[Above wiki page section lists the rulers of this North Konkan Shilahara dynasty from "1. Kapardin I (800–825 CE)" to "23. Someshvara (1255–1265 CE)."]
--- end wiki extracts ---
The gazetter document on history of Greater Mumbai from government of Maharashtra, https://web.archive.org/web/20080914164232/http://www.maharashtra.gov.in/english/gazetteer/greater_bombay/history.html , states that Siliharas ruled over North Konkan for more than 450 years. This document mentions war(s) between Silaharas and Western Chalukyas at least one of which was won by Western Chalukyas. It is not clear whether the Western Chalukyas ruled over Mumbai and nearby areas directly or with Silharas as feudatories to them. But Mumbai and nearby areas are shown within Western Chalukya territory in the main map of Western Chalukya Empire wiki page: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Western_Chalukya_Empire . The map is titled, "Extent of Western Chalukya Empire, 1121 CE.[2]" with Ref.2 being "Schwartzberg, Joseph E. (1978). A Historical atlas of South Asia. Chicago: University of Chicago Press. p. 147, map XIV.3 (e). ISBN 0226742210."
The above gazetter document also states that the Paramara king Bhoja invaded North Konkan in 1019 CE. It is not clear whether Bhoja ruled Mumbai and nearby areas for some period. It also mentions that Kadamba (of Goa) king Shashthadeva II invaded north Konkan and defeated the Silharas at the beginning of the reign of Silhara king Chittaraja who was a mere boy at the time. However, north Konkan was restored by the Kadamba king to Silhara king Chittaraja on condition of accepting Kadamba king suzerainty. In later years too, there were wars between Kadambas and Silharas with Kadambas winning.
The gazetteer document mentions that Kumarapala of Chalukyas, which seems to be a mistake as Kumarapala seems to be from Chaulukyas (Solanki) dynasty (based in Gujarat area), https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kumarapala_(Chaulukya_dynasty) , defeated Silhara king Mallikarjuna after which Kumarapala became the suzerain of Silharas (which I think means that Silharas became feudatories of Kumarapala). But by 1170-1195 CE, the Silharas had once again become independent rulers.
The gazetteer document mentions that Yadavas defeated the last known Silhara king Someshvara around 1265 and seem to have become rulers of former Silhara territory of north Konkan by 1272.
I have used the gazetteer document date of 1265 as end date of Shilahara rule period.
9) 1265/1272 - 129x?, Seuna (Yadava) dynasty
Mumbai and nearby areas are shown within Yadava territory in one of the main maps of Yadava dynasty wiki page: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Seuna_(Yadava)_dynasty . The map is titled, "Territory of the Yadavas and neighbouring polities, circa 1200-1300 CE.[2]" with Ref.2 being "Schwartzberg, Joseph E. (1978). A Historical atlas of South Asia. Chicago: University of Chicago Press. p. 147, map XIV.3 (c). ISBN 0226742210."
The gazetter document states that the Yadavas defeated the last known Silihara king with the battle taking place probably in 1265, and that Thane plates dated 1272 show that the Yadava governor was ruling north Konkan.
It is not clear when Yadava rule of Mumbai and nearby areas ended. The gazetteer document states that Ala-ud-din Khilji beseiged/invaded the Yadava capital Devagiri in 1294 CE forcing the Yadava ruler to pay heavy ranson.
10) 129x? (late 13th century) to 1348, King Bhimdev and family
From late 13th century to 1348, Mumbai and nearby areas seem to have been ruled initially by King Bhimdev, later by his son, followed by his brother-in-law with short period of rule by Mubarak Khan of Delhi Sultanate, Khalji dynasty in and around 1318.
The gazetteer document states, "In the year 1318 A.D., after the reduction of Devagiri and the defeat and death of Harpaldev, son-in-law of the Yadava monarch Ramdev, Mubarak, the emperor of Delhi, ordered his garrisons to be extended to the sea, and occupied Mahim and Salsette. But Muhammedan supremacy was probably not firmly established till later; for old Marathi records show that Pratapshah reigned for 28 years, that is, till A.D. 1331, when he was slain, and his kingdom usurped, by his brother-in-law Nagardev, the chief of Cheul.
Nagardev reigned for 17 years, that is, till the year 1348, when his dominions passed into the hands of the Muslim rulers of Gujarat; and thus came to an end the sovereignty of old Hindu kings over the island of Bombay and its dependencies." The reference for these statements is given as "( S. M. Edwardes, Rise of Bombay : A Retrospect (Bombay, 1902), pp. 33-36.)"
Mumbai and nearby areas are shown within Khalji dynasty territory in one of the main maps of Khalji dynasty wiki page: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Khalji_dynasty . The map is titled, "Territory controlled by the Khaljis (dark green) and their tributaries (light green).[1]" with Ref.1 being "Schwartzberg, Joseph E. (1978). A Historical atlas of South Asia. Chicago: University of Chicago Press. p. 147, map XIV.3 (i). ISBN 0226742210."
There is some confusion about whether King Bhimdev was related to Yadavas of Devagiri. Bhima of Mahikavati wiki page, https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bhima_of_Mahikavati , seems to be about the same king Bhimdev, and it states: "Bhima, also known as Bhimdev or Bimba-Shah, was a 13th-century Indian king (raja) who established his capital in Mahikavati, the present-day Mahim, in Mumbai. He is identified as a son of the king Ramadeva of Devagiri." Note that Ramadeva is same as Ramachandra, Yadava king of Devagiri.
The wiki page further states, "According to a 1495 CE Persian language firman, 'Bimbashah' was a son of Ramachandra of Devagiri. After his father was defeated by Alauddin Khalji (c. 1296), Bimba fled to the Konkan coast. He was accompanied by rajguru (royal perceptor) Purushottam Pant Kavle and eleven umraos (consorts). In Konkan, he took control of the coastal towns, such as Parnera, Sanjan, Shirgaon and others. He himself came to Mahi (Mahim).[4]
This account is corroborated by another Persian record from 1436 CE, which states that in 1290 CE (1212 Shalivahana era), 'Raja Bimbashah' took possession of a coastal territory from Karson. This "Karson" can be identified with Krishna, who was the governor of Ramadeva in northern Konkan. A 1299 CE danapatra (donation record) also states that king 'Bimbadeva' granted some land in present-day Mumbai to his rajguru Purushottam Kavle.[5] These evidences prove that Bimba was Bhimadeva, the son of Ramachandra of Devagiri.[5]"
11) 1348 to 1391 CE, Gujarat ruler under Delhi Sultanate; 1391 to 1535, Gujarat Sultanate as independent rulers
Gujarat under Delhi Sultanate, https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gujarat_under_Delhi_Sultanate , provides relevant background info. but without significant info. about history of Mumbai.
The gazetteer document states that around 1347, the Gujarat governor (under Delhi Sultanate) sent a force under Nika Malik to Mumbai which was then being ruled by Nagardev who was related to King Bhimdev's family. It states, "An army accordingly set forth under Nika Malik, one wing of which attacked Pratappur in Salsette, a second marched against Thane, and a third laid siege to Mahikavati (Mahim) which in the absence of Nagardev was courageously defended for a time by his queen and a small body of retainers. The struggle was however hopeless; the queen was slain, the city looted: and finally a pitched battle was fought at Byculla between the Muslim host and the forces of Nagardev, in which the former proved victorious." This seems to have resulted in a long period of around two centuries of Gujarat governor & and then Gujarat sultan rule of Mumbai and nearby areas. Prior to this, Mubarak Khan's (of Delhi Sultanate) rule of Mumbai and nearby areas seems to have been for very few years.
In 1391 the ruler of Gujarat became independent of Delhi Sultanate, and thus Gujarat Sultanate, https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gujarat_Sultanate , was created which independently ruled over Mumbai and nearby areas for most of the period from 1391 to 1535, with short periods within this period under other rulers. As per History of Mumbai wiki page, Bhandaris ruled Mahim for 8 years in this period (date is not provided) after which it was won back by Gujarat Sultanate. In 1429/30 Bahamani Sultanate captured Mahim and Salsette but which was won back by Gujarat Sultanate in 1431. Similar other short periods of rule by others after which Gujarat Sultanate recaptured the area is mentioned in the History of Mumbai wiki page. It also mentions that the Portuguese landed in Mahim after capturing a Gujarat barge, in 1509 but the islands were recaptured by Gujarat Sultanate.
In 1526 Portuguese established their factory in Bassein (Vasai), https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vasai , which is to the north of Mumbai metropolis today and close to and north of Sopara. In 1528-29 Portuguese seized fort of Mahim from Gujarat Sultanante. In December 1534, Gujarat Sultanate ruler signed the treaty of Bassein where Bassein and islands of Mumbai were offered to the Portuguese.
12) Mumbai islands: 1534 to 1661, Portuguese rule for most of period; Salsette island: 1534 to 1737, Portuguese rule for most of period
In the period 1534 to 1661, Portuguese ruled over Mumbai and nearby areas including Salsette island, with periodic invasion by others like the English, Dutch and Marathas. Portuguese rule over Salsette island was longer, from 1534 to 1737, but may have had similar periodic invasion by others.
The English (British) finally acquired Bombay islands from Portugal.
13) Salsette island: 1737 to 1774, Marathas
The History of Mumbai wiki page states that Salsette was captured by the Maratha Baji Rao I from the Portuguese in 1737. It also states that the British occupied Salsette island in 1774
14) Mumbai islands: 1661 to 1947, Britsh rule for most of period; Salsette island: 1774 to 1947, British rule for most of period
Actual control of Mumbai islands got transferred from Portuguese to British from 1664 and that too was in stages, as per History of Mumbai wiki page.
Mumbai islands were ruled for most of the period from 1661 to 1947 by the Britsh with periodic invasion and occupation by others like Mughal empire and perhaps Marathas (till 1817)
Salsette island was ruled by British from 1774 to 1974 but perhaps faced periodic attacks/raids by Marathas till 1817.
The History of Mumbai wiki page states:
On 5 November 1817, the British East India Company under Mountstuart Elphinstone[101] defeated Bajirao II, the Peshwa of the Maratha Empire, in the Battle of Kirkee which took place on the Deccan Plateau.[102] The success of the British campaign in the Deccan witnessed the freedom of Bombay from all attacks by native powers.[67]
[References:]
67. Greater Bombay District Gazetteer 1986, British Period
101. "Battle of Khadki". Centre for Modeling and Simulation (University of Pune). Archived from the original on 1 April 2009. Retrieved 10 November 2008.
102. Shona Adhikari (20 February 2000). "A mute testimony to a colourful age". The Tribune. India. Archived from the original on 19 April 2016. Retrieved 10 November 2008.
--- end wiki extract ---
So from 1817 the British seem to have been in full control of Mumbai and nearby areas without any raids by others like Marathas.
The section "What do I mean by Mumbai and neaby areas?; Other background info." at the beginning of this post, has a short coverage of creation of Mumbai land mass under British rule.
15) 1947 to now (2022), Independent India/Republic of India
Within the Republic of India/Independent India, Mumbai and nearby areas were part of Bombay Presidency/Bombay Province from 1947 to 1950, Bombay state from 1950 to 1960, and are part of Maharashtra state from 1960 to now (2022).
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Personal note
I was born in Malad, Mumbai in 1962, did initial years of my schooling and lived for that period in Dadar, Mumbai and later years of schooling and lived for that period in Bandra (East), Mumbai. I did initial period of my college study in Matunga, Mumbai while I was living in Bandra (East), and during later years of my college study in Matunga, I had moved to Dombivli town/city which is on the outskirts of Mumbai, with me commuting by local train to attend college in Matunga. I also studied for a short period of some months in a college in Sion/Wadala area of Mumbai and university campus in Kalina, Mumbai. A lot of my relatives lived in Chembur, Matunga and Sion areas and so I have visited and even stayed in Chembur & Sion (Koliwada) areas for quite some time.
My first regular job started in 1984 in SEEPZ, Andheri (East) area of Mumbai, and I worked in that area for most of my professional work life from 1984 to 2002, with stints abroad (Belgium, USA, Netherlands and South Korea) for a total period of around three years as consultant/contractor from Mumbai companies (software), and also a short stint of some months in Nariman Point, Mumbai. For some time during my professional career, I moved residence from Dombivli to Andheri (East) in Mumbai and then moved back to Dombivli (commuting to Mumbai by train for work). In October 2002 I moved from Dombivli to Puttaparthi, Andhra Pradesh and have been living there since then.
So for large part of the first forty years of my life (1962 to 2002), I have lived in, and worked in, Mumbai and nearby area of Dombivli. I have also travelled extensively to various parts of Mumbai other than the areas mentioned above. Therefore I was very interested in knowing about the history of Mumbai and nearby areas.
[I thank Wikipedia, "Greater Mumbai District Gazetteer 1986" of the government of Maharashtra, India, and Google Maps, and have presumed that they will not have any objections to me sharing the above extract(s)/map screenshots from their websites on this post which is freely viewable by all, and does not have any financial profit motive whatsoever.]
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