USA President Trump gives frank and seemingly fair speech at APEC summit detailing USA stand on trade in Indo-Pacific; My thoughts
I saw this full video: President Trump's POWERFUL Speech to World Leaders @ APEC 2017: "I'm Putting America First" 11/10/17, https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=cLrttMJj7mo, 32 min. 37 secs.
The transcript of this first, and so very important for Asia-Pacific/Indo-Pacific area, speech of USA president Trump in an Asia Pacific economic forum (APEC) about his USA administration's stand on trade in Indo-Pacific, and as it relates to USA, is available here: https://www.whitehouse.gov/the-press-office/2017/11/10/remarks-president-trump-apec-ceo-summit-da-nang-vietnam.
Given below are large extracts (almost the whole speech) from this speech transcript.
USA President Trump: What an honor it is to be here in Vietnam -- in the very heart of the Indo-Pacific -- to address the people and business leaders of this region.
This has already been a remarkable week for the United States in this wonderful part of the world. Starting from Hawaii, Melania and I traveled to Japan, South Korea, and China, and now to Vietnam, to be here with all of you today.
Before we begin, I want to address all those affected by Typhoon Damrey. Americans are praying for you and for your recovery in the months ahead. Our hearts are united with the Vietnamese people suffering in the aftermath of this terrible storm.
This trip comes at an exciting time for America. A new optimism has swept all across our country. Economic growth has reached 3.2 percent, and going higher. Unemployment is at its lowest level in 17 years. The stock market is at an all-time high. And the whole world is lifted by America’s renewal.
Everywhere I’ve traveled on this journey, I’ve had the pleasure of sharing the good news from America. But even more, I've had the honor of sharing our vision for a free and open Indo-Pacific -- a place where sovereign and independent nations, with diverse cultures and many different dreams, can all prosper side-by-side, and thrive in freedom and in peace.
I am so thrilled to be here today at APEC, because this organization was founded to help achieve that very purpose. America stands as a proud member of the community of nations who make a home on the Pacific. We have been an active partner in this region since we first won independence ourselves.
In 1784, the first American ship sailed to China from the newly independent United States. It went loaded with goods to sell in Asia, and it came back full of porcelain and tea. Our first president, George Washington himself, owned a set of tableware from that ship.
In 1804, Thomas Jefferson sent the explorers, Lewis and Clark, on an expedition to our Pacific Coast. They were the first of the millions of Americans who ventured west to live out America’s manifest destiny across our vast continent.
In 1817, our Congress approved the first full-time Pacific development [deployment] of an American warship. That initial naval presence soon grew into a squadron, and then a fleet, to guarantee freedom of navigation for the growing number of ships, braving the high seas to reach markets in the Philippines, Singapore, and in India.
In 1818, we began our relationship with the Kingdom of Thailand, and 15 years later our two countries signed a treaty of friendship and commerce -- our first with an Asian nation.
In the next century, when imperialist powers threatened this region, the United States pushed back at great cost to ourselves. We understood that security and prosperity depended on it.
We have been friends, partners, and allies in the Indo-Pacific for a long, long time, and we will be friends, partners, and allies for a long time to come.
As old friends in the region, no one has been more delighted than America to witness, to help, and to share in the extraordinary progress you have made over the last half-century.
What the countries and economies represented here today have built in this part of the world is nothing short of miraculous. The story of this region in recent decades is the story of what is possible when people take ownership of their future.
Few would have imagined just a generation ago that leaders of these nations would come together here in Da Nang to deepen our friendships, expand our partnerships, and celebrate the amazing achievements of our people.
This city was once home to an American military base, in a country where many Americans and Vietnamese lost their lives in a very bloody war.
Today, we are no longer enemies; we are friends. And this port city is bustling with ships from around the world. Engineering marvels, like the Dragon Bridge, welcome the millions who come to visit Da Nang’s stunning beaches, shining lights, and ancient charms.
In the early 1990s, nearly half of Vietnam survived on just a few dollars a day, and one in four did not have any electricity. Today, an opening Vietnamese economy is one of the fastest-growing economies on Earth. It has already increased more than 30 times over, and the Vietnamese students rank among the best students in the world. (Applause.) And that is very impressive.
This is the same story of incredible transformation that we have seen across the region. Indonesians for decades have been building domestic and democratic institutions to govern their vast chain of more than 13,000 islands. Since the 1990s, Indonesia’s people have lifted themselves from poverty to become one of the fastest-growing nations of the G20. Today, it is the third-largest democracy on Earth.
The Philippines has emerged as a proud nation of strong and devout families. For 11 consecutive years, the World Economic Forum has ranked the Philippines first among Asian countries in closing the gender gap and embracing women leaders in business and in politics. (Applause.)
Kingdom of Thailand has become an upper middle-income country in less than a generation. Its majestic capital of Bangkok is now the most visited city on Earth. And that is very impressive. Not too many people here are from Thailand. (Applause.)
Malaysia has rapidly developed through recent decades, and it is now ranked as one of the best places in the world to do business.
In Singapore, citizens born to parents who survived on $500 dollars a day [year] are now among the highest earners in the world -- a transformation made possible by the vision of Lee Kwan Yew’s vision of honest governance and the rule of law. (Applause.) And his great son is now doing an amazing job.
As I recently observed in South Korea, the people of that Republic took a poor country ravaged by war, and in just a few decades turned it into one of the wealthiest democracies on Earth. Today, South Koreans enjoy higher incomes than the citizens of many European Union countries. It was great spending time with President Moon.
Everyone knows of China’s impressive achievements over the past several decades. During this period -- and it was a period of great market reforms -- large parts of China experienced rapid economic growth, jobs boomed, and more than 800 million citizens rose out of poverty. I just left China this morning and had a really productive meeting and a wonderful time with our gracious host, President Xi.
And, as I saw on my first stop of this trip, in Japan we see a dynamic democracy in a land of industrial, technological, and cultural wonders. In fewer than 60 years, that island nation has produced 24 Nobel Prize winners for achievements in physics, chemistry, medicine, literature, and the promotion of peace. (Applause.) President Abe and I agree on so much.
In the broader region, countries outside of APEC are also making great strides in this new chapter for the Indo-Pacific.
India is celebrating the 70th anniversary of its independence. It is a sovereign democracy, as well as -- think of this -- over 1 billion people. It's the largest democracy in the world. (Applause.) Since India opened its economy, it has achieved astounding growth and a new world of opportunity for its expanding middle class. And Prime Minister Modi has been working to bring that vast country, and all of its people, together as one. And he is working at it very, very successfully, indeed.
As we can see, in more and more places throughout this region, citizens of sovereign and independent nations have taken greater control of their destinies and unlocked the potential of their people.
They’ve pursued visions of justice and accountability, promoted private property and the rule of law, and embraced systems that value hard work and individual enterprise.
They built businesses, they built cities, they built entire countries from the ground up. Many of you in this room have taken part in these great, uplifting national projects of building. They have been your projects from inception to completion, from dreams to reality.
With your help, this entire region has emerged -- and it is still emerging -- as a beautiful constellation of nations, each its own bright star, satellites to none -- and each one, a people, a culture, a way of life, and a home.
Those of you who have lived through these transformations understand better than anyone the value of what you have achieved. You also understand that your home is your legacy, and you must always protect it.
In the process of your economic development, you’ve sought commerce and trade with other nations, and forged partnerships based on mutual respect and directed toward mutual gain.
Today, I am here to offer a renewed partnership with America to work together to strengthen the bonds of friendship and commerce between all of the nations of the Indo-Pacific, and together, to promote our prosperity and security.
At the core of this partnership, we seek robust trade relationships rooted in the principles of fairness and reciprocity. When the United States enters into a trading relationship with other countries or other peoples, we will, from now on, expect that our partners will faithfully follow the rules just like we do. We expect that markets will be open to an equal degree on both sides, and that private industry, not government planners, will direct investment.
Unfortunately, for too long and in too many places, the opposite has happened. For many years, the United States systematically opened our economy with few conditions. We lowered or ended tariffs, reduced trade barriers, and allowed foreign goods to flow freely into our country.
But while we lowered market barriers, other countries didn’t open their markets to us.
...
Countries were embraced by the World Trade Organization, even if they did not abide by its stated principles. Simply put, we have not been treated fairly by the World Trade Organization. Organizations like the WTO can only function properly when all members follow the rules and respect the sovereign rights of every member. We cannot achieve open markets if we do not ensure fair market access. In the end, unfair trade undermines us all.
The United States promoted private enterprise, innovation, and industry. Other countries used government-run industrial planning and state-owned enterprises.
We adhered to WTO principles on protecting intellectual property and ensuring fair and equal market access. They engaged in product dumping, subsidized goods, currency manipulation, and predatory industrial policies.
They ignored the rules to gain advantage over those who followed the rules, causing enormous distortions in commerce and threatening the foundations of international trade itself.
Such practices, along with our collective failure to respond to them, hurt many people in our country and also in other countries. Jobs, factories, and industries were stripped out of the United States and out of many countries in addition. And many opportunities for mutually beneficial investments were lost because people could not trust the system.
We can no longer tolerate these chronic trade abuses, and we will not tolerate them. Despite years of broken promises, we were told that someday soon everyone would behave fairly and responsibly. People in America and throughout the Indo-Pacific region have waited for that day to come. But it never has, and that is why I am here today -- to speak frankly about our challenges and work toward a brighter future for all of us.
I recently had an excellent trip to China, where I spoke openly and directly with President Xi about China’s unfair trade practices and the enormous trade deficits they have produced with the United States. I expressed our strong desire to work with China to achieve a trading relationship that is conducted on a truly fair and equal basis.
The current trade imbalance is not acceptable. I do not blame China or any other country, of which there are many, for taking advantage of the United States on trade. If their representatives are able to get away with it, they are just doing their jobs. I wish previous administrations in my country saw what was happening and did something about it. They did not, but I will.
From this day forward, we will compete on a fair and equal basis. We are not going to let the United States be taken advantage of anymore. I am always going to put America first the same way that I expect all of you in this room to put your countries first. (Applause.)
The United States is prepared to work with each of the leaders in this room today to achieve mutually beneficial commerce that is in the interest of both your countries and mine. That is the message I am here to deliver.
I will make bilateral trade agreements with any Indo-Pacific nation that wants to be our partner and that will abide by the principles of fair and reciprocal trade. What we will no longer do is enter into large agreements that tie our hands, surrender our sovereignty, and make meaningful enforcement practically impossible.
Instead, we will deal on a basis of mutual respect and mutual benefit. We will respect your independence and your sovereignty. We want you to be strong, prosperous, and self-reliant, rooted in your history, and branching out toward the future. That is how we will thrive and grow together, in partnerships of real and lasting value.
But for this -- and I call it the Indo-Pacific dream -- if it's going to be realized, we must ensure that all play by the rules, which they do not right now. Those who do will be our closest economic partners. Those who do not can be certain that the United States will no longer turn a blind eye to violations, cheating, or economic aggression. Those days are over.
We will no longer tolerate the audacious theft of intellectual property. We will confront the destructive practices of forcing businesses to surrender their technology to the state, and forcing them into joint ventures in exchange for market access.
We will address the massive subsidizing of industries through colossal state-owned enterprises that put private competitors out of business -- happening all the time.
We will not remain silent as American companies are targeted by state-affiliated actors for economic gain, whether through cyberattacks, corporate espionage, or other anti-competitive practices. We will encourage all nations to speak out loudly when the principles of fairness and reciprocity are violated.
We know it is in America’s interests to have partners throughout this region that are thriving, prosperous, and dependent on no one. We will not make decisions for the purpose of power or patronage. We will never ask our partners to surrender their sovereignty, privacy, and intellectual property, or to limit contracts to state-owned suppliers.
We will find opportunities for our private sector to work with yours and to create jobs and wealth for us all. We seek strong partners, not weak partners. We seek strong neighbors, not weak neighbors. Above all, we seek friendship, and we don’t dream of domination.
For this reason, we are also refocusing our existing development efforts. We are calling on the World Bank and the Asian Development Bank to direct their efforts toward high-quality infrastructure investment that promotes economic growth.
The United States will also do its part. We are also committed to reforming our development finance institutions so that they better incentivize private sector investment in your economies, and provide strong alternatives to state-directed initiatives that come with many strings attached.
The United States has been reminded time and time again in recent years that economic security is not merely related to national security. Economic security is national security. It is vital -- (applause) -- to our national strength.
We also know that we will not have lasting prosperity if we do not confront grave threats to security, sovereignty, and stability facing our world today.
Earlier this week, I addressed the National Assembly in Seoul, South Korea and urged every responsible nation to stand united in declaring that every single step the North Korean regime takes toward more weapons is a step it takes into greater and greater danger. The future of this region and its beautiful people must not be held hostage to a dictator’s twisted fantasies of violent conquest and nuclear blackmail.
In addition, we must uphold principles that have benefitted all of us, like respect for the rule of law -- (applause) -- individual rights, and freedom of navigation and overflight, including open shipping lanes. Three principles and these principles -- (applause) -- create stability and build trust, security, and prosperity among like-minded nations.
We must also deal decisively with other threats to our security and the future of our children, such as criminal cartels, human smuggling, drugs, corruption, cybercrime, and territorial expansion. As I have said many times before: All civilized people must come together to drive out terrorists and extremists from our societies, stripping them of funding, territory, and ideological support. We must stop radical Islamic terrorism.
So let us work together for a peaceful, prosperous, and free Indo-Pacific. I am confident that, together, every problem we have spoken about today can be solved and every challenge we face can be overcome.
If we succeed in this effort, if we seize the opportunities before us and ground our partnerships firmly in the interests of our own people, then together we will achieve everything we dream for our nations and for our children.
We will be blessed with a world of strong, sovereign, and independent nations, thriving in peace and commerce with others. They will be places where we can build our homes and where families, businesses, and people can flourish and grow.
If we do this, will we look at the globe half a century from now, and we will marvel at the beautiful constellation of nations -- each different, each unique, and each shining brightly and proudly throughout this region of the world. And just as when we look at the stars in the night sky, the distance of time will make most of the challenges we have and that we spoke of today seem very, very small.
What will not seem small -- what is not small -- will be the big choices that all of our nations will have to make to keep their stars glowing very, very brightly.
In America, like every nation that has won and defended its sovereignty, we understand that we have nothing so precious as our birthright, our treasured independence, and our freedom.
That knowledge has guided us throughout American history. It has inspired us to sacrifice and innovate. And it is why today, hundreds of years after our victory in the American Revolution, we still remember the words of an American founder and our second President of the United States, John Adams. As an old man, just before his death, this great patriot was asked to offer his thoughts on the 50th anniversary of glorious American freedom. He replied with the words: independence forever.
It's a sentiment that burns in the heart of every patriot and every nation. Our hosts here in Vietnam have known this sentiment not just for 200 years, but for nearly 2,000 years. (Applause.) It was around 40 AD when two Vietnamese sisters, the Trung Sisters, first awakened the spirit of the people of this land. It was then that, for the first time, the people of Vietnam stood for your independence and your pride.
Today, the patriots and heroes -- (applause) -- of our histories hold the answers to the great questions of our future and our time. They remind us of who we are and what we are called to do.
Together, we have it in our power to lift our people and our world to new heights -- heights that have never been attained,
So let us choose a future of patriotism, prosperity, and pride. Let us choose wealth and freedom over poverty and servitude. Let us choose a free and open Indo-Pacific.
Finally, let us never forget the world has many places -- (applause) -- many dreams, and many roads. But in all of the world, there is no place like home.
so, for family, for country, for freedom, for history, and for the glory of God, protect your home, defend your home, and love your home today and for all time. (Applause.)
Thank you. God Bless You. God Bless the Pacific region. And God Bless the United States of America. Thank you very much. Thank you. (Applause.)
---- end large extracts (almost whole) of President Trump speech ---
Ravi: I think this is a very important speech detailing current USA administration's view of Indo-Pacific trade. What is clear is that while Trump is very unhappy with previous trade arrangements as well as institutions like WTO, as he feels that led to USA being treated unfairly by other countries, Trump is NOT suggesting that USA will isolate itself (isolationism) and withdraw from the Indo-Pacific, either in trade matters or security matters.
Trump is clearly saying that he wants (new) bilateral trade deals of Indo-Pacific countries with the USA, instead of earlier trade deals, and that he expects the trade to be fair. I think now it is upto each individual country of the Indo-Pacific that wants to have trade with the USA (as well as benefit from any military protection that USA may provide for the country and its trade in the Indo-Pacific area) to come up with appropriate bilateral trade deals with the USA.
Perhaps the bottom line is that the country's bilateral trade with USA should NOT have a large trade deficit for the USA.
One must not forget the lessons of history of European colonialism/imperialism in Asia where it was trade that was vital for European powers. When the trade got lopsided against their favour they forced opium into China to change the trade balance into their favour, and fought two Opium wars with China in the nineteenth century over European powers' right to sell opium in China. These Opium Wars were won by the European powers, leading to the ruling Qing dynasty in China having to make trade concessions favourable to European powers, lose some islands and ports to European powers, and permit European powers to establish trading (and missionary) bases in China. China was able to free itself from European and American (USA) influence only in 1949 when Mao Zedong established the communist state - People's Republic of China.
In the case of India, the British entered India through trade, saw the opportunities in the divided kingdoms of India then to first militarily prop rulers that were puppets or almost puppets of theirs during the 18th century, and later to become the rulers themselves in the 19th century continuing till middle of twentieth century (India got independence from the British in 1947)!
Both China and India (and other such colonial rule countries I guess), were exploited and plundered by the European powers, leading to great poverty in China and India. It is after People's Republic of China got formed in 1949 and India got independence in 1947, that China and India, over a period of nearly seven decades now, were able to tackle the great poverty in their countries and move the countries to the road of prosperity with hundreds of millions of people in both countries being moved out of poverty into the middle classes.
So the lesson of history of European colonial powers, of trade imbalances against their favour leading militarily powerful countries to war to change those trade imbalances to their favour, must never be forgotten by Asian re-emerging powers like China and India, in my considered opinion.
However, President Trump spoke very graciously and was heartily congratulating Asian countries for the great material sucesses they have achieved over the past decades. There was a marked absence of any envy or any anger in Trump's speech about these matters. I was very happy to see that.
Trump said, "The United States has been reminded time and time again in recent years that economic security is not merely related to national security. Economic security is national security. It is vital -- (applause) -- to our national strength."
I think that it is in the interest of almost all, if not all, Indo-Pacific countries to have a USA that is economically secure. An economically secure USA will not have cause to use its vastly superior military power to try to enforce trade deals that are favourable to it.
The former European colonies/European dominated countries in the Indo-Pacific mentioned in Trump's speech above (which includes India and China), achieved their extraordinary growth in a USA dominated post World War II Indo-Pacific area with the USA (and Western European powers) not coming in the way of these countries growing.
I think it is appropriate to mention my own life-story from a financial growth and stability perspective here as I am one of the many beneficiaries of this rules based world dominated by USA. For most of my commercial work life of slightly over 18 years from March 1984 to Aug. 2002, I was working in the software development for export area, headquartered (company HQ/base) in Mumbai, India. I have worked in software projects in roles of software developer, designer, project manager, (startup company's) software manager and independent tech. consultant for end-customers in USA, Belgium, Netherlands, Germany, UK, Japan, South Korea and Oman, either on-customer-site or off-site in Mumbai, India or a mix of both. I have additionally been involved in marketing visits to Singapore and Sweden which did not result in project work that I was involved in.
Throughout this period, I encountered a rules based international order enabling Indian companies including Indian companies with foreign collaborations (USA or West European country typically) to quite freely do software development business with the countries I mentioned above.
It is in such an environment that I was able to financially grow, stabilize my family's rather strained financial situation, take care of my mother during her old age (she passed away in 1999; my father had died in 1978 when I was 16 years old), and then retire from commercial work (after 18 years of it in Aug. 2002) to lead a simple ceiling on material desires, and single (unmarried) life devoted to a spiritual quest that includes free service to society (as a teacher of software lab. courses and tech. consultant for student project work for 9 years in a deemed university in India, and for around 6 years now as a social media writer on spirituality and religion and some other topics of general interest).
In other words, I benefited very much from the rules based international business/trade order that was established by USA and European World War II victors like Britain and France. And many, many such people (hundreds of millions) in the countries in Asia mentioned by USA president Trump in his above speech, benefited like me either directly or indirectly, from this international order. At the time I was doing this software development export work, I was not so clearly aware of this history and the vital role played by USA as well as Western European powers in maintaining this rules based international order. Over the past few years my reading on such matters have educated me quite well about these aspects now.
I would like to express my individual gratitude, and also my gratitude as part of a great number of Indians (hundreds of millions) who benefited, directly or indirectly, from the international rules based business/trade order kept in place mainly by USA and some Western European powers like Britain and France.
Given this background, as an Indian citizen living in India, my view is that the Indian government should go out of its way to have a trade deal with the USA that does not disadvantage USA with an unfavourable trade imbalance. India has benefited enormously over the past few decades with this international trade order. So India should be willing to help USA ensure a balanced trade between our two countries, and also help USA, wherever feasible, to become economically secure.
I think India should also not forget that it was an American agricultural scientist, Norman Borlaug, whose work paved the way for India's green revolution and so food security for its billion plus population today. An extract from https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Norman_Borlaug, "During the mid-20th century, Borlaug led the introduction of these high-yielding varieties combined with modern agricultural production techniques to Mexico, Pakistan, and India. As a result, Mexico became a net exporter of wheat by 1963. Between 1965 and 1970, wheat yields nearly doubled in Pakistan and India, greatly improving the food security in those nations."
The USA has been very open in sharing its knowledge of science and technology with the rest of the world, including India. I mean, for my computer software development work, USA was the key country and it shared that knowledge openly, allowing Indians like me to learn it and acquire expertise in it.
So, in my considered opinion, India has a lot to be thankful to the USA, and should go the extra mile in helping USA with a bilateral trade deal that USA is comfortable with.
[I thank USA President Trump (whitehouse.gov) and wikipedia, and have presumed that they will not have any objections to me sharing the above extracts from their speech transcript/website on this post which is freely viewable by all, and does not have any financial profit motive whatsoever.]
The transcript of this first, and so very important for Asia-Pacific/Indo-Pacific area, speech of USA president Trump in an Asia Pacific economic forum (APEC) about his USA administration's stand on trade in Indo-Pacific, and as it relates to USA, is available here: https://www.whitehouse.gov/the-press-office/2017/11/10/remarks-president-trump-apec-ceo-summit-da-nang-vietnam.
Given below are large extracts (almost the whole speech) from this speech transcript.
USA President Trump: What an honor it is to be here in Vietnam -- in the very heart of the Indo-Pacific -- to address the people and business leaders of this region.
This has already been a remarkable week for the United States in this wonderful part of the world. Starting from Hawaii, Melania and I traveled to Japan, South Korea, and China, and now to Vietnam, to be here with all of you today.
Before we begin, I want to address all those affected by Typhoon Damrey. Americans are praying for you and for your recovery in the months ahead. Our hearts are united with the Vietnamese people suffering in the aftermath of this terrible storm.
This trip comes at an exciting time for America. A new optimism has swept all across our country. Economic growth has reached 3.2 percent, and going higher. Unemployment is at its lowest level in 17 years. The stock market is at an all-time high. And the whole world is lifted by America’s renewal.
Everywhere I’ve traveled on this journey, I’ve had the pleasure of sharing the good news from America. But even more, I've had the honor of sharing our vision for a free and open Indo-Pacific -- a place where sovereign and independent nations, with diverse cultures and many different dreams, can all prosper side-by-side, and thrive in freedom and in peace.
I am so thrilled to be here today at APEC, because this organization was founded to help achieve that very purpose. America stands as a proud member of the community of nations who make a home on the Pacific. We have been an active partner in this region since we first won independence ourselves.
In 1784, the first American ship sailed to China from the newly independent United States. It went loaded with goods to sell in Asia, and it came back full of porcelain and tea. Our first president, George Washington himself, owned a set of tableware from that ship.
In 1804, Thomas Jefferson sent the explorers, Lewis and Clark, on an expedition to our Pacific Coast. They were the first of the millions of Americans who ventured west to live out America’s manifest destiny across our vast continent.
In 1817, our Congress approved the first full-time Pacific development [deployment] of an American warship. That initial naval presence soon grew into a squadron, and then a fleet, to guarantee freedom of navigation for the growing number of ships, braving the high seas to reach markets in the Philippines, Singapore, and in India.
In 1818, we began our relationship with the Kingdom of Thailand, and 15 years later our two countries signed a treaty of friendship and commerce -- our first with an Asian nation.
In the next century, when imperialist powers threatened this region, the United States pushed back at great cost to ourselves. We understood that security and prosperity depended on it.
We have been friends, partners, and allies in the Indo-Pacific for a long, long time, and we will be friends, partners, and allies for a long time to come.
As old friends in the region, no one has been more delighted than America to witness, to help, and to share in the extraordinary progress you have made over the last half-century.
What the countries and economies represented here today have built in this part of the world is nothing short of miraculous. The story of this region in recent decades is the story of what is possible when people take ownership of their future.
Few would have imagined just a generation ago that leaders of these nations would come together here in Da Nang to deepen our friendships, expand our partnerships, and celebrate the amazing achievements of our people.
This city was once home to an American military base, in a country where many Americans and Vietnamese lost their lives in a very bloody war.
Today, we are no longer enemies; we are friends. And this port city is bustling with ships from around the world. Engineering marvels, like the Dragon Bridge, welcome the millions who come to visit Da Nang’s stunning beaches, shining lights, and ancient charms.
In the early 1990s, nearly half of Vietnam survived on just a few dollars a day, and one in four did not have any electricity. Today, an opening Vietnamese economy is one of the fastest-growing economies on Earth. It has already increased more than 30 times over, and the Vietnamese students rank among the best students in the world. (Applause.) And that is very impressive.
This is the same story of incredible transformation that we have seen across the region. Indonesians for decades have been building domestic and democratic institutions to govern their vast chain of more than 13,000 islands. Since the 1990s, Indonesia’s people have lifted themselves from poverty to become one of the fastest-growing nations of the G20. Today, it is the third-largest democracy on Earth.
The Philippines has emerged as a proud nation of strong and devout families. For 11 consecutive years, the World Economic Forum has ranked the Philippines first among Asian countries in closing the gender gap and embracing women leaders in business and in politics. (Applause.)
Kingdom of Thailand has become an upper middle-income country in less than a generation. Its majestic capital of Bangkok is now the most visited city on Earth. And that is very impressive. Not too many people here are from Thailand. (Applause.)
Malaysia has rapidly developed through recent decades, and it is now ranked as one of the best places in the world to do business.
In Singapore, citizens born to parents who survived on $500 dollars a day [year] are now among the highest earners in the world -- a transformation made possible by the vision of Lee Kwan Yew’s vision of honest governance and the rule of law. (Applause.) And his great son is now doing an amazing job.
As I recently observed in South Korea, the people of that Republic took a poor country ravaged by war, and in just a few decades turned it into one of the wealthiest democracies on Earth. Today, South Koreans enjoy higher incomes than the citizens of many European Union countries. It was great spending time with President Moon.
Everyone knows of China’s impressive achievements over the past several decades. During this period -- and it was a period of great market reforms -- large parts of China experienced rapid economic growth, jobs boomed, and more than 800 million citizens rose out of poverty. I just left China this morning and had a really productive meeting and a wonderful time with our gracious host, President Xi.
And, as I saw on my first stop of this trip, in Japan we see a dynamic democracy in a land of industrial, technological, and cultural wonders. In fewer than 60 years, that island nation has produced 24 Nobel Prize winners for achievements in physics, chemistry, medicine, literature, and the promotion of peace. (Applause.) President Abe and I agree on so much.
In the broader region, countries outside of APEC are also making great strides in this new chapter for the Indo-Pacific.
India is celebrating the 70th anniversary of its independence. It is a sovereign democracy, as well as -- think of this -- over 1 billion people. It's the largest democracy in the world. (Applause.) Since India opened its economy, it has achieved astounding growth and a new world of opportunity for its expanding middle class. And Prime Minister Modi has been working to bring that vast country, and all of its people, together as one. And he is working at it very, very successfully, indeed.
As we can see, in more and more places throughout this region, citizens of sovereign and independent nations have taken greater control of their destinies and unlocked the potential of their people.
They’ve pursued visions of justice and accountability, promoted private property and the rule of law, and embraced systems that value hard work and individual enterprise.
They built businesses, they built cities, they built entire countries from the ground up. Many of you in this room have taken part in these great, uplifting national projects of building. They have been your projects from inception to completion, from dreams to reality.
With your help, this entire region has emerged -- and it is still emerging -- as a beautiful constellation of nations, each its own bright star, satellites to none -- and each one, a people, a culture, a way of life, and a home.
Those of you who have lived through these transformations understand better than anyone the value of what you have achieved. You also understand that your home is your legacy, and you must always protect it.
In the process of your economic development, you’ve sought commerce and trade with other nations, and forged partnerships based on mutual respect and directed toward mutual gain.
Today, I am here to offer a renewed partnership with America to work together to strengthen the bonds of friendship and commerce between all of the nations of the Indo-Pacific, and together, to promote our prosperity and security.
At the core of this partnership, we seek robust trade relationships rooted in the principles of fairness and reciprocity. When the United States enters into a trading relationship with other countries or other peoples, we will, from now on, expect that our partners will faithfully follow the rules just like we do. We expect that markets will be open to an equal degree on both sides, and that private industry, not government planners, will direct investment.
Unfortunately, for too long and in too many places, the opposite has happened. For many years, the United States systematically opened our economy with few conditions. We lowered or ended tariffs, reduced trade barriers, and allowed foreign goods to flow freely into our country.
But while we lowered market barriers, other countries didn’t open their markets to us.
...
Countries were embraced by the World Trade Organization, even if they did not abide by its stated principles. Simply put, we have not been treated fairly by the World Trade Organization. Organizations like the WTO can only function properly when all members follow the rules and respect the sovereign rights of every member. We cannot achieve open markets if we do not ensure fair market access. In the end, unfair trade undermines us all.
The United States promoted private enterprise, innovation, and industry. Other countries used government-run industrial planning and state-owned enterprises.
We adhered to WTO principles on protecting intellectual property and ensuring fair and equal market access. They engaged in product dumping, subsidized goods, currency manipulation, and predatory industrial policies.
They ignored the rules to gain advantage over those who followed the rules, causing enormous distortions in commerce and threatening the foundations of international trade itself.
Such practices, along with our collective failure to respond to them, hurt many people in our country and also in other countries. Jobs, factories, and industries were stripped out of the United States and out of many countries in addition. And many opportunities for mutually beneficial investments were lost because people could not trust the system.
We can no longer tolerate these chronic trade abuses, and we will not tolerate them. Despite years of broken promises, we were told that someday soon everyone would behave fairly and responsibly. People in America and throughout the Indo-Pacific region have waited for that day to come. But it never has, and that is why I am here today -- to speak frankly about our challenges and work toward a brighter future for all of us.
I recently had an excellent trip to China, where I spoke openly and directly with President Xi about China’s unfair trade practices and the enormous trade deficits they have produced with the United States. I expressed our strong desire to work with China to achieve a trading relationship that is conducted on a truly fair and equal basis.
The current trade imbalance is not acceptable. I do not blame China or any other country, of which there are many, for taking advantage of the United States on trade. If their representatives are able to get away with it, they are just doing their jobs. I wish previous administrations in my country saw what was happening and did something about it. They did not, but I will.
From this day forward, we will compete on a fair and equal basis. We are not going to let the United States be taken advantage of anymore. I am always going to put America first the same way that I expect all of you in this room to put your countries first. (Applause.)
The United States is prepared to work with each of the leaders in this room today to achieve mutually beneficial commerce that is in the interest of both your countries and mine. That is the message I am here to deliver.
I will make bilateral trade agreements with any Indo-Pacific nation that wants to be our partner and that will abide by the principles of fair and reciprocal trade. What we will no longer do is enter into large agreements that tie our hands, surrender our sovereignty, and make meaningful enforcement practically impossible.
Instead, we will deal on a basis of mutual respect and mutual benefit. We will respect your independence and your sovereignty. We want you to be strong, prosperous, and self-reliant, rooted in your history, and branching out toward the future. That is how we will thrive and grow together, in partnerships of real and lasting value.
But for this -- and I call it the Indo-Pacific dream -- if it's going to be realized, we must ensure that all play by the rules, which they do not right now. Those who do will be our closest economic partners. Those who do not can be certain that the United States will no longer turn a blind eye to violations, cheating, or economic aggression. Those days are over.
We will no longer tolerate the audacious theft of intellectual property. We will confront the destructive practices of forcing businesses to surrender their technology to the state, and forcing them into joint ventures in exchange for market access.
We will address the massive subsidizing of industries through colossal state-owned enterprises that put private competitors out of business -- happening all the time.
We will not remain silent as American companies are targeted by state-affiliated actors for economic gain, whether through cyberattacks, corporate espionage, or other anti-competitive practices. We will encourage all nations to speak out loudly when the principles of fairness and reciprocity are violated.
We know it is in America’s interests to have partners throughout this region that are thriving, prosperous, and dependent on no one. We will not make decisions for the purpose of power or patronage. We will never ask our partners to surrender their sovereignty, privacy, and intellectual property, or to limit contracts to state-owned suppliers.
We will find opportunities for our private sector to work with yours and to create jobs and wealth for us all. We seek strong partners, not weak partners. We seek strong neighbors, not weak neighbors. Above all, we seek friendship, and we don’t dream of domination.
For this reason, we are also refocusing our existing development efforts. We are calling on the World Bank and the Asian Development Bank to direct their efforts toward high-quality infrastructure investment that promotes economic growth.
The United States will also do its part. We are also committed to reforming our development finance institutions so that they better incentivize private sector investment in your economies, and provide strong alternatives to state-directed initiatives that come with many strings attached.
The United States has been reminded time and time again in recent years that economic security is not merely related to national security. Economic security is national security. It is vital -- (applause) -- to our national strength.
We also know that we will not have lasting prosperity if we do not confront grave threats to security, sovereignty, and stability facing our world today.
Earlier this week, I addressed the National Assembly in Seoul, South Korea and urged every responsible nation to stand united in declaring that every single step the North Korean regime takes toward more weapons is a step it takes into greater and greater danger. The future of this region and its beautiful people must not be held hostage to a dictator’s twisted fantasies of violent conquest and nuclear blackmail.
In addition, we must uphold principles that have benefitted all of us, like respect for the rule of law -- (applause) -- individual rights, and freedom of navigation and overflight, including open shipping lanes. Three principles and these principles -- (applause) -- create stability and build trust, security, and prosperity among like-minded nations.
We must also deal decisively with other threats to our security and the future of our children, such as criminal cartels, human smuggling, drugs, corruption, cybercrime, and territorial expansion. As I have said many times before: All civilized people must come together to drive out terrorists and extremists from our societies, stripping them of funding, territory, and ideological support. We must stop radical Islamic terrorism.
So let us work together for a peaceful, prosperous, and free Indo-Pacific. I am confident that, together, every problem we have spoken about today can be solved and every challenge we face can be overcome.
If we succeed in this effort, if we seize the opportunities before us and ground our partnerships firmly in the interests of our own people, then together we will achieve everything we dream for our nations and for our children.
We will be blessed with a world of strong, sovereign, and independent nations, thriving in peace and commerce with others. They will be places where we can build our homes and where families, businesses, and people can flourish and grow.
If we do this, will we look at the globe half a century from now, and we will marvel at the beautiful constellation of nations -- each different, each unique, and each shining brightly and proudly throughout this region of the world. And just as when we look at the stars in the night sky, the distance of time will make most of the challenges we have and that we spoke of today seem very, very small.
What will not seem small -- what is not small -- will be the big choices that all of our nations will have to make to keep their stars glowing very, very brightly.
In America, like every nation that has won and defended its sovereignty, we understand that we have nothing so precious as our birthright, our treasured independence, and our freedom.
That knowledge has guided us throughout American history. It has inspired us to sacrifice and innovate. And it is why today, hundreds of years after our victory in the American Revolution, we still remember the words of an American founder and our second President of the United States, John Adams. As an old man, just before his death, this great patriot was asked to offer his thoughts on the 50th anniversary of glorious American freedom. He replied with the words: independence forever.
It's a sentiment that burns in the heart of every patriot and every nation. Our hosts here in Vietnam have known this sentiment not just for 200 years, but for nearly 2,000 years. (Applause.) It was around 40 AD when two Vietnamese sisters, the Trung Sisters, first awakened the spirit of the people of this land. It was then that, for the first time, the people of Vietnam stood for your independence and your pride.
Today, the patriots and heroes -- (applause) -- of our histories hold the answers to the great questions of our future and our time. They remind us of who we are and what we are called to do.
Together, we have it in our power to lift our people and our world to new heights -- heights that have never been attained,
So let us choose a future of patriotism, prosperity, and pride. Let us choose wealth and freedom over poverty and servitude. Let us choose a free and open Indo-Pacific.
Finally, let us never forget the world has many places -- (applause) -- many dreams, and many roads. But in all of the world, there is no place like home.
so, for family, for country, for freedom, for history, and for the glory of God, protect your home, defend your home, and love your home today and for all time. (Applause.)
Thank you. God Bless You. God Bless the Pacific region. And God Bless the United States of America. Thank you very much. Thank you. (Applause.)
---- end large extracts (almost whole) of President Trump speech ---
Ravi: I think this is a very important speech detailing current USA administration's view of Indo-Pacific trade. What is clear is that while Trump is very unhappy with previous trade arrangements as well as institutions like WTO, as he feels that led to USA being treated unfairly by other countries, Trump is NOT suggesting that USA will isolate itself (isolationism) and withdraw from the Indo-Pacific, either in trade matters or security matters.
Trump is clearly saying that he wants (new) bilateral trade deals of Indo-Pacific countries with the USA, instead of earlier trade deals, and that he expects the trade to be fair. I think now it is upto each individual country of the Indo-Pacific that wants to have trade with the USA (as well as benefit from any military protection that USA may provide for the country and its trade in the Indo-Pacific area) to come up with appropriate bilateral trade deals with the USA.
Perhaps the bottom line is that the country's bilateral trade with USA should NOT have a large trade deficit for the USA.
One must not forget the lessons of history of European colonialism/imperialism in Asia where it was trade that was vital for European powers. When the trade got lopsided against their favour they forced opium into China to change the trade balance into their favour, and fought two Opium wars with China in the nineteenth century over European powers' right to sell opium in China. These Opium Wars were won by the European powers, leading to the ruling Qing dynasty in China having to make trade concessions favourable to European powers, lose some islands and ports to European powers, and permit European powers to establish trading (and missionary) bases in China. China was able to free itself from European and American (USA) influence only in 1949 when Mao Zedong established the communist state - People's Republic of China.
In the case of India, the British entered India through trade, saw the opportunities in the divided kingdoms of India then to first militarily prop rulers that were puppets or almost puppets of theirs during the 18th century, and later to become the rulers themselves in the 19th century continuing till middle of twentieth century (India got independence from the British in 1947)!
Both China and India (and other such colonial rule countries I guess), were exploited and plundered by the European powers, leading to great poverty in China and India. It is after People's Republic of China got formed in 1949 and India got independence in 1947, that China and India, over a period of nearly seven decades now, were able to tackle the great poverty in their countries and move the countries to the road of prosperity with hundreds of millions of people in both countries being moved out of poverty into the middle classes.
So the lesson of history of European colonial powers, of trade imbalances against their favour leading militarily powerful countries to war to change those trade imbalances to their favour, must never be forgotten by Asian re-emerging powers like China and India, in my considered opinion.
However, President Trump spoke very graciously and was heartily congratulating Asian countries for the great material sucesses they have achieved over the past decades. There was a marked absence of any envy or any anger in Trump's speech about these matters. I was very happy to see that.
Trump said, "The United States has been reminded time and time again in recent years that economic security is not merely related to national security. Economic security is national security. It is vital -- (applause) -- to our national strength."
I think that it is in the interest of almost all, if not all, Indo-Pacific countries to have a USA that is economically secure. An economically secure USA will not have cause to use its vastly superior military power to try to enforce trade deals that are favourable to it.
The former European colonies/European dominated countries in the Indo-Pacific mentioned in Trump's speech above (which includes India and China), achieved their extraordinary growth in a USA dominated post World War II Indo-Pacific area with the USA (and Western European powers) not coming in the way of these countries growing.
I think it is appropriate to mention my own life-story from a financial growth and stability perspective here as I am one of the many beneficiaries of this rules based world dominated by USA. For most of my commercial work life of slightly over 18 years from March 1984 to Aug. 2002, I was working in the software development for export area, headquartered (company HQ/base) in Mumbai, India. I have worked in software projects in roles of software developer, designer, project manager, (startup company's) software manager and independent tech. consultant for end-customers in USA, Belgium, Netherlands, Germany, UK, Japan, South Korea and Oman, either on-customer-site or off-site in Mumbai, India or a mix of both. I have additionally been involved in marketing visits to Singapore and Sweden which did not result in project work that I was involved in.
Throughout this period, I encountered a rules based international order enabling Indian companies including Indian companies with foreign collaborations (USA or West European country typically) to quite freely do software development business with the countries I mentioned above.
It is in such an environment that I was able to financially grow, stabilize my family's rather strained financial situation, take care of my mother during her old age (she passed away in 1999; my father had died in 1978 when I was 16 years old), and then retire from commercial work (after 18 years of it in Aug. 2002) to lead a simple ceiling on material desires, and single (unmarried) life devoted to a spiritual quest that includes free service to society (as a teacher of software lab. courses and tech. consultant for student project work for 9 years in a deemed university in India, and for around 6 years now as a social media writer on spirituality and religion and some other topics of general interest).
In other words, I benefited very much from the rules based international business/trade order that was established by USA and European World War II victors like Britain and France. And many, many such people (hundreds of millions) in the countries in Asia mentioned by USA president Trump in his above speech, benefited like me either directly or indirectly, from this international order. At the time I was doing this software development export work, I was not so clearly aware of this history and the vital role played by USA as well as Western European powers in maintaining this rules based international order. Over the past few years my reading on such matters have educated me quite well about these aspects now.
I would like to express my individual gratitude, and also my gratitude as part of a great number of Indians (hundreds of millions) who benefited, directly or indirectly, from the international rules based business/trade order kept in place mainly by USA and some Western European powers like Britain and France.
Given this background, as an Indian citizen living in India, my view is that the Indian government should go out of its way to have a trade deal with the USA that does not disadvantage USA with an unfavourable trade imbalance. India has benefited enormously over the past few decades with this international trade order. So India should be willing to help USA ensure a balanced trade between our two countries, and also help USA, wherever feasible, to become economically secure.
I think India should also not forget that it was an American agricultural scientist, Norman Borlaug, whose work paved the way for India's green revolution and so food security for its billion plus population today. An extract from https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Norman_Borlaug, "During the mid-20th century, Borlaug led the introduction of these high-yielding varieties combined with modern agricultural production techniques to Mexico, Pakistan, and India. As a result, Mexico became a net exporter of wheat by 1963. Between 1965 and 1970, wheat yields nearly doubled in Pakistan and India, greatly improving the food security in those nations."
The USA has been very open in sharing its knowledge of science and technology with the rest of the world, including India. I mean, for my computer software development work, USA was the key country and it shared that knowledge openly, allowing Indians like me to learn it and acquire expertise in it.
So, in my considered opinion, India has a lot to be thankful to the USA, and should go the extra mile in helping USA with a bilateral trade deal that USA is comfortable with.
[I thank USA President Trump (whitehouse.gov) and wikipedia, and have presumed that they will not have any objections to me sharing the above extracts from their speech transcript/website on this post which is freely viewable by all, and does not have any financial profit motive whatsoever.]
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